6th+hour+Ancient+Egypt


 * 6th hour Ancient Egypt**

Brendan: Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization located along the Nile River in Western Egypt. This civilization began around 3150 BC and fell in 31 BC when it was conquered by the Romans and became a Roman province. (britishmuseum.org) Ancient Egypt was a highly successful civilization, lasting over 3000 years. Many successes included the construction of the monumental pyramids and obelisks, an ingenious form of mathematics, and a stable central government. Ancient Egypt is one of the most fascinating and most studied ancient civilizations that is currently studied. __**Features of Civilization for Ancient Egypt**__ __**Religion**__

PicsDigger Brendan: The Ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to have a major religion. They were polytheistic, meaning they believed in multiple gods. The god of all gods according to their religion was Amon-Re (or Re to most people), the sun god. He was the chief of all the other Egyptian gods. Other notable gods were Osiris, the god of the afterlife; Horus, the god of the people on Earth; and Isis, the queen of gods. The Ancient Egyptians also believed myths and stories about the lives of the gods and their struggles. This characteristics is shared by other major past and current religions (add citation). Brendan: In the religion of Ancient Egypt, the Gods wanted the pharaohs of Egypt to be buried in a tomb with beautiful architecture and the ability to prevent the body from being disturbed. These were the pyramids. The pharaohs had to be mummified in order to achieve the next state in the afterlife. Many of these pharaohs were buried in the Valley of the Kings, a desolate area located on the west bank of the Nile. (Cole 17) Most of the aspects of all Ancient Egyptian life, such as architecture, art, and political structure, came from their religion. Without their religion, there would be little reason at all to study Ancient Egypt. (Watson) __**Writing and Record-Keeping**__ Brendan: There were 3 main forms of writing used in Ancient Egypt. The first type was **Hieroglyphics**. Hieroglyphics were used in religious writings and important record keeping. Hieroglyphics were often used by high priests and scribes. The second type of writing used was **Heiratic** writing, used by government officials for business. The final type was **Demotic**, which was used in everyday life by ordinary people. All three of these forms of writing were similar, except Hieroglyphics were much higher and more formal than Heiratic and Demotic writing. (Parsons)  All of these forms of writing were written on scrolls mad of papyrus, a plant used to make paper. The Ancient Egyptians would grow the papyrus in pools, cut it up, lay the stalk flat and pound it into paper with a mallet. Then the sheets were glued together to make a scroll. (Cole 13) This was one of the first major forms of writing in the entire world. 

Kristen: Egypt had a social class that put normal people at the bottom of the social chain and the wealthy at the top, if you were important enough then you would be buried in a pyramid, the more important you are the bigger the pyramid. The Pharaoh was viewed as a God, peasant farmers and slaves were supposed to serve the Pharaoh by building things and doing things that involve physical labor Priest and Priestesses came next, then the Nobles, Merchants, and Scribes (Ellis. Esler. Beers. 1997. Pgs. 28&29). The Peasant Farmers and the Slaves were at the very bottom, also women were not seen as below men in the social classes (Ellis. Esler. Beers. 1997. Pgs. 28&29). Farmers were not wealthy at all.
 * __Social Classes__**

PicsDigger.

__**Job Specializations**__  Kristen: There was a variety of different jobs in Ancient Egypt, each job was important to society or impacted it. Many people worked as farmers or worked on dikes to help hold back water from the Nile when it would flood. Craftsman would make beautiful jewelry, furniture, and create fine fabrics (Ellis. Esler. Beers. 1997. Pg. 29). Merchants were very important beause they traded and sold stuff, Doctors were also important because they made discoveries about the human body during this time (Ellis. Esler. Beers. 1997. Pg. 30). Math engineers would calculate how big the stones needed to be and where they needed to go to build the pyramids, other jobs included making perfume and textiles, scribes, and priest (Ellis. Esler. Beers. 1997. Pgs. 29&30). Job specialization was one of the great ideas in history, when people divided jobs work would get done faster and be more efficient. DeclarePeace. **__Central Government and Laws__** Drew: The Ancient Egyptian Government was completely controlled by a single man: the Pharaoh. Only men were allowed to become Pharoahs. The Pharaoh wasn’t just a ruler to the people, but he was believed to be a god, so he had unlimited power. Also, Ancient Egypt was a theocracy. A theocracy is a government controlled by religion and the church. Priests were usually the only people considered worthy to execute the “god’s” orders, and they were also advisers to the Pharaoh. The government officials were the vizier (prime minister), chief treasurer, tax collector, minister of public works, and army commander. Their responsibilities were directly to the Pharaoh. The provinces or nomes of Ancient Egypt were each given a governor, sent to their position by the Pharaoh. They were not, however, responsible to the Pharaoh, but the vizier. The citizens had to pay taxes, and were sometimes temporarily forced into the army or forced to work. Most of the Egyptians were simple farmers or peasants, and had no say in their government. But they were okay with that fact because of their religion. renovoway

Drew: The Egyptian did many great things with art and architecture. One of Ancient Egypt’s greatest architectural feats is the many pyramids that they built. The pyramids were built as both monuments and tombs to the Pharaohs, each pyramid being built for a different Pharaoh. The pyramids were made to protect the Pharaoh’s body from anyone trying to steal it or cause it any harm. A pyramid was a symbol of hope to the Egyptians, because they thought it would reunite the pharaoh with the gods. They were built over many years, made with stone blocks weighing almost two tons. They were moved using rollers, sleds, and sheer man power. Their architecture was based on perpendicularity and inclined planes because they had no way to steady their structures while they were building except the structure itself. blogspot
 * __Art and Architecture__**

The art of the Ancient Egyptians is drawn all over the walls of temples and tombs showing the lives of everyday people. They also wrote instructions of what to do once you died to be prepared when you met with their gods. They believed that pictures of food and clothing could be used by the dead like real objects for the living. The artistused bright colors to tell the stories of the dead, and these paintings are now famous. The Egyptians also made golden jewelry, and they painted on pottery. examiner **__Cities __**  Alysha: During their harsh struggles Egyptians had three kingdoms: The Old, The Middle, and The New. In the New kingdom Pharaohs created a large empire. In the southern region there was the Nile Kingdom of Nubia. Over time the Egyptians and the Nubians traded and fought. Egyptians finally defeated the Nubians. A lot of Egyptian art reflects prisoners of war, Nubians, or musicians. As the population of the Egyptians decreased the Nubians Regained their independence, then later added the Egypt to their own empire. For about 90 to 100 year their empire stretched from the Sudan to the Mediterranean Sea. The god Khnum ﻿  ﻿**__Public Works__**  **__﻿__**   Alysha: To help out in the community Pharaohs and the Egyptians created a large drainage to help remove some of what's in the city, creating a huge new land (farm land) to make more food for their growing population. They also used irrigation to help bring water from the Nile River the village, the water that was transported from the Nile was used to drink, and water the crops. By doing this it makes it easier to move water from one place to another.  ﻿  ﻿  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">**__﻿__**  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 18px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Kristen: Ancient Egypt was one of the first civilizations. They were one of the first to divide jobs. Ancient Egypt was made up of different people coming together, under one person, the Pharaoh, and taking on different tasks. Ancient Egypt shows the start of more advanced ways of living in a complex society. We can see both our future and our history in Ancient Egypt civilization. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **__Works Cited__** Brendan's Information: -"Ancient Egypt: The Roman Period." // britishmuseum.org //. Web. 19 September 2010. [] -Cole, Joanna. // Ancient //// Egypt ////. // New York: Scholastic Press Print. 2001  -library.rit.edu. Web. 19 September 2010. [] -MystiqueAncientArt. Web. 19 September 2010 [|http://mystiqueancientart.com] -Parsons, Marie. "Hieroglyphics and Their Decipherment." // touregypt.net. // Web. 19 September 2010. [] -PicsDigger. Web. 19 September 2010. <http:picsdigger.com> -Watson, John. "An Overview of the Ancient Egyptian Religion." // touregypt.net. // Web. 19 September 2010. [] -WikiSpaces. Web 20 September 2010 < [] > -ProfessorPage. Web 20 September 2010 < [] > -AncientEgyptMoberly. 20 Web September 2010 < [] > Kristen's Information: ** -Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor. Esler, Anthony. Beers, Burton F. //World History: Connections to Today.// New Jersey : Prentince Hall Inc.. 1997 ** ** -PicsDigger. Web. 19 September 2010. [|//picsdigger.com/domain/curleyhistorypage.blogspot.com/] ** ** -DeclarePeace. Web. 19 September 2010. [|http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.declarepeace.org.uk/captain/murder_inc/site/pics/ttegypt04.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.declarepeace.org.uk/captain/murder_inc/summa] ** [|**ry.html&usg=__6WHoaEaq2MSBYMB6ieDS4wDtZrQ=&h=423&w=609&sz=70&hl=en&start=16&zoom=1&tbnid=hzt0BKGPXHIPwM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=16**] [|**3&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dancient%2Begypts%2Bsocial%2Bclasses%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1003%26bih%3D578%26tbs%3Disch:10**] [|**%2C347&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=116&vpy=218&dur=656&hovh=187&hovw=269&tx=147&ty=110&ei=aciWTOCSIsGclgebg4moCg&oei=TsiWTPCuE**] [|**sL48Ab70umLDA&esq=10&page=2&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:16&biw=1003&bih=578**] **Drew's Information:** ** - Wilson, John A. ³Egypt, Ancient.² World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: Field Enterprises Educational Corporation, 1966. ( []) ** -St. Petersburg Times ( [] )-Renovoway ( [|http://www.renovoway.wordpress.com] ) -blogspot ( [] ) -examiner ( [] ) -marvelous egypt ([|http://www.marvelousegypttravel.com]) Alysha's Information: -Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor. Esler, Anthony. Beers, Burton F. //World History: Connections to Today.// New Jersey : Prentince Hall Inc.. 1997   ﻿-[] -[]